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                                                                 ''Gojal Valley''

    Nature has endowed Pakistan with such enhancing landscapes that the beholder forgets to blink his eye and the heart says without any pretense that the paradise of the Earth is so beautiful as well as the paradise of the heaven. The gift of nature is the large & small valleys in the north of Pakistan which is the largest tehsil of Gojal Valley of Gilgit Baltistan region. It is a mountainous region that forms the western part of the Karakorum and the Eastern Pamir Mountain range. This area assists 56 km long Batura glacier. It is the third-largest glacier in Pakistan after Hispar & Biafo.

This region is home to snow-capped peaks, roaring rivers, lush pastures, and long glaciers. It covers an area of 8,500 km and an elevation of 2,340 m to 4,877 m above sea level. The names of the villages in this valley are given below:

• Shishkat
• Gulkin
• Passu
• Khyber
• Gulmit

• Husseini
• Borith
• Sost
• Misgar
• Galapan.
• Morkhoon.
• Jamalabad.
• Gircha.
• Khudaabad.
• Yarzerech
• Rominj.
• Khill.
• Rasht.
• Shersabz.
• Shitmerg.
• Zood khoon.

The upper reaches of the Gojal valley were used by kirghiz nomadic pasture in winter. Migrating from Wakhan to this area, they settled in the valley of Yashkok, through the Avgarch area of Gircha and Sost village of upper Gojal. Hunza emerged as an independent state in the early 15th century. Historians wrote that a catastrophic flood destroyed the town of Ashkok during the 18th century. As of today, parts of the valley have been submerged in the 27 km long Ataabad lake since 2010. Hishkat is one of Gojal's attractions. It is the first village where the Gojal valley begins. Ataabad's famous lake is known as Gojal lake. Shishat is located in this village.

    Lup ghar Sar is ranked 109th in the list of highest mountains in the world. It is located in the village of Gojal valley. It is part of a clump of mountain tops. In the Wakhi language, the head translates '' as the top of a large rock''. When a place is mentioned the culture of that place is included in the first letter. The elements that are included are principles, values, language, clothes, crafts & foods. The food of the Hunza people is rich in nutrients and they make delicious food using organic produce to suit their area. Hunza dishes are wheat, grains, potatoes as well as cheese, yogurt, and butter.

    Hunza women make embroidered clothes at home. They make and sell honey, jams, juices, and contribute to their household expenses. The traditional dish is made from milk and butter oil which is used by the locals in Moulida while another dish is girall. The ingredients needed to make it that is water and flour.

    In winter, Apricot soup is made by mixing apricot kernel with chiroga to make soup. At the wedding, delicious biryani is made by adding Yat Meat to rice. Apples, grapes, peaches, and cherries are popular fruits. The people have a progressive mindset. The river flows through this valley and important crops like maize and wheat are grown around it. The following are medicinal plants in this Chapursan Valley.

Artemisia maritima:

    This herb comprises a natural ingredient known as Artemisinin. It has been used worldwide to treat malaria. It is found all over the world. It contains phytochemical ethnopharmacological potential. It has antimalarial, antifungal, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, and cytotoxic activities. Medicinal are made from this herb while it assists phytoconstituents such as flavonoid, terpenoid, acetylenes, Sterols, Caffeolyquinic acids and coumarins. These herbs have potential to investigate the effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular system.

Atriplex crassifolia:

    It is a fodder shrub. It is also known as salt bush due to its ability to retain salt. They can grow middle Miocene era. Research has shown that graze on these salty shrubs contains high level of vitamin E. It has leaner and more hydrated than normal lambs. In another study, Atriplex nummularia discovered that the amount of nitrogen in the genus is 3.5-2.5%.

    Some species are C3 plants but more species are C4. This genus Atriplex evolved in the middle Miocene, the path to photosynthesis is about 141.1-10.9 million years ago. When climate dries up rapidly. It became increasingly diverse and spread across containers. It was suggested that sheep and goats could be used as a protein supplement for grazing if it was tasty. Sheep and goats were allowed to feed on Atriplex halimus. The purpose was to determine if the saltbush was tasty and if it was good in taste could be used as food.

    Salt bush is used as an ornamental plant in landscaping and can be used to prevent soil erosion in coastal areas. This means that it is useful for preventing erosion.

Galium boreale:

    This perennial herb is also called bedstraw because it is used as a perfume for mattresses and pillows. Its blooming season is May, June, July, and August while its native habitat is open wood, prairie swales, and woodland edges. The soil in which they grow has a pH greater than 6.8. It is characterized by the presence of high calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) tolerance. When it matures, it can be eaten but is often used as medicine. It is thought to help reduce the risk of bleeding and reduce swelling in hot poultices.

    Its juice is also considered to be useful for curing heal sunburn, rashes, cuts, insects, ringworm, eczema, and various skin problems. The Hunza valley is connected to the Lup ghar range in the southwest while another range to the northeast divides it from the Major valley.

Plantago major:

For centuries, its leaves have been used for wound healing as well as for treating diseases of the respiratory tract, digestive organs, reproduction, and pain relief. It contains biologically active compounds such as terpenoids, lipids, polysaccharides, flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, caffeic acid derivatives including alkaloids and organic acid are detected.

    It is useful in constipation, piles, and acts as an antidiabetic agent. It fights fatigue and cancer and is commonly known as Great Plantain.

Bergenia himalaica:

    It is found in south-eastern regions in Central Asia and northern regions in South Asia. Urinary complaints, diabetes, kidney stones, hermorrhagic, and epilepsy are treated by making medicine through it.

Peganum harmala:

    The chloroform, butanol, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of the leaves of this plant have been tested for antiviral and antioxidant activities. Its seeds and the whole plant are used in insect-killing properties and fragrances.