Peshawar: City of Flowers

History shows that the name of this city is derived from the Persian Language ''Pesh Awardan'' which means border city because Peshawar was the first city of the Indian subcontinent after crossing the Khyber Pass. It is the capital of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It dates back to 539 BC. It is one of the oldest cities in South Asia and is located East of the Khyber Pass. Historian wrote that this oldest city was called ''Parwishpura''. It was founded 2000 years ago, by the Kushans, a Central Asian tribe of Tokriani descent.

Peshawar has 16 gates that highlight its importance. Their names are as follows: -


  • Reti Gate.
  • Kachehri Gate.
  • Dubgari Gate.
  • Ramdas Gate.
  • Beriskian Gate.
  • Bajouri Gate.
  • Sardchah Gate.
  • Rampura Gate.
  • Sirki Gate.
  • Kohati Gate.
  • Yakka Gate.
  • Thoot Gate.
  • Ganj Gate.
  • Lahori Gate.
  • Hashtnagri Gate.
  • Asamai Gate.

    Shumli is the famous drink of this city. It is made by mixing yogurt, water, spices and fruits. It is a delicious drink. It is good for health.

    Peshawar's favorite cuisine is the ''dumpukht'' which is made from mutton or beef. The pieces of meat are cooked on low heat with onion, cardamom, potato, yogurt, red pepper, hot spices, salt, garlic paste and oil in its fat.


Historic Places of Peshawar:

Shahi Bagh: -

    This royal garden was built during the Mughal period. Its location is Fakirabad and the total area is about 100 acres with various trees.


Bab-e-Khyber: -

    It was built on 1964 Grand Trunk Road Peshawar and adjacent to Qila Jamrud. It has national significance due to its image is prominent on Pakistani currency notes.

Bala Hissar Fort: -

    The name Bala Hissar Fort is derived from Persian which means high or lofty fort. Until the destruction and reconstruction of Punjab by the Sikh Empire in 1834, it was once a royal palace of the Durrani Empire and built in 1526. It is located a few kilometres away from Kartay Road.

Jamrud Fort: -

    The fort serves as the entrance to Peshawar from the Khyber Pass and is located along the Bab-e-Khyber. It is also known as ''Fatehgarh''. The fort was built in 1834 on the orders of Maharja Ranjit Singh of more than 6000 soldiers who took part in the construction activities under the supervision of general Hari Singh.


Mahabat Khan Masjid: -

    It is an amazing example of Mughal architecture built by Mahabat Khan in 1670, who was the governor of Peshawar during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. The mosque's prayer hall is beautifully decorated with floral art facts.

Sir Cunningham Clock Tower: -

    Sir George Cunningham, then Governor, built the clock tower in the late 1900's. It is located just a few minutes East of chowk Yadgar from this mosque. This clock tower is located on Sarafa Bazaar Road, East of chowk Yadgar.

Qissa Khawani Bazaar: -

    It means ''storyteller's street'' which was famous for trading everything from spices to gold and silver. This narrow street market has been a major commercial center in the past where electronics and clothing items are sold today.

Plantation in Peshawar:

    Various fruit trees have been planted on the roadside in Peshawar. The nature of these fruits is very useful for the human body to get multivitamins and they can avoid diseases with a strong immune system.

    Let us know the names of the trees planted there along with the names of the roads and their medicinal properties.

    Chinar (50), Jaman (10) and loquat (25) trees have been planted on Fort Road. These are the benefits of trees are:

Chinar (Platanus orientalis)

    It is found in South Asia and successfully planted in the Northern regions of Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Baluchistan, Peshawar, Islamabad and Lahore). These trees shed their leaves once a year. They need winter and summer i.e., a mild climate for better growth. It can keep itself alive even in drought. It is used in folk medicine against toothache and knee pain, wounds, inflammation and abdominal discomfort. It leaves take-in compounds. They are as follows: -

  • Benzaldehyde.
  • Palmitic Acid.
  • 2,4-ditert-butylphenol.
  • Stearic Acid.
  • Octadecanoic Acid.
  • Linoleic Acid.
  • Kaempferol and its derivatives.

    According to research, infusion of chinar leaves suppresses ethanol induced immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

Jaman (Syzygium cumini).

    Jaman (black plums) bear in summer. It is one of the best home remedies for stomachache, diabetes and cramps. It can increase hemoglobin due to the presence of vitamin C and iron. When its number increases, the blood will carry more oxygen to the organs and beneficial effect on health. The job of iron in fruits is to cleanse the blood. This fruit also cures digestive problems like constipation and flatulence.

    It has acidic properties that keep your skin free from acne. If the skin is oily then you should use Jaman as it will help to keep your skin fresh and clean. It can eat during breakfast for weight loss purposes due to zero fat.

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)

    Research shows that loquat liquor contains many antioxidants and exhibits bioactive (phenol and terpenoid). It can combat problems such as aging, diabetes, cancer, bacterial infection and allergies.

    It is considered excellent in lowering blood pressure, calming the respiratory system, losing weight, protecting the brain and keeping cholesterol at a healthy level, boosting the immune system, strengthening bones and eye sight.

There are six different types of trees that were planted on Mall Road areas: -

  • Chinar (100)
  • Jaman (75)
  • Guava (50)
  • Loquat (100)
  • Kachnar (100)
  • Pomegranate (150)

Guava (Psidium guajava)

    Its fruit takes in Vit A, C, iron, calcium, manganese, malic acid, and oxalic acid while the leaves integrate menthol, guayavolic acid, cineol, malic acid and cryptonine and roots embody tannin, leukocyanidins, sterols, gallic acid, salts, carbohydrates and lannic acid. Bark muster polyphenols, resins and crystals of calcium oxalate.

    The seeds have protein, starch, oil, phenolic compound and glycoside whereas twigs comprise phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iron and potassium.

 Kachnar (Bauhinia variegate)

    It has its significance in the field of medicine. It is also used to treat skin diseases. The bark of this tree is used in making tonics and astringents.

    A decoction of the bark of this tree is useful in the medication of dysentery. Infusion of flower buds is effective in treating severe coughs. The root of these plants also prevents obesity problems.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum)

    Pomegranate juice speeds up memory and is useful in medicating diseases. The chemical flavanols help to block inflammation that contributes to osteoarthritis and cartilage damage.

It helps lower systolic blood pressure and better source of vitamin C, E, K, folate and potassium.

Pomegranate juice + Beet juice = Energy drink.

    These plants were planted on Shami Road small parks are loquat (20), guava (20), lychee (20), Plum (20), Orange (20).

Orange (Citrus sinensis)

    Orange will help their body make collagen. It is a protein that heals wound and smoothes the skin. It is easier to absorb iron to fight anaemia. It protects the body against germs by boosting the immune system.

    They are rich in vitamin B6 and therefore, support the production of hemoglobin and assist in controlling blood pressure due to the presence of magnesium.

Lychee (Litchi chinensis)

    It is low in calories so the best way to lose weight. It contains dietary fiber which helps indigestion. It contains vitamin A which is why it is better for eyesight. It boasts an immune system.

Plum (Prunus domestica)

    It is a tonic for weight loss and comprises vitamin D with calcium which has a satisfactory effect on bone density in the spine and arm. Anthocyanin contains a reddish-blue compound that can help remove harmful free radicals and turn help your body avoid cancer and cell damage.

    Some roadside highlights of Peshawar city with different fruit trees and their medicinal values. Hopefully, this will enhance your knowledge.

Informative Tile: 1

    There are 24 universities in Peshawar which offer 384 study programs. Some of them are mentioned below:

  • Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology (2001).
  • City University of Science & Information Technology (1979).
  • University of Peshawar (1950).
  • Abasyn University (2007).
  • CECOS University of IT & Emerging Science (1986).
  • Brain Institute Peshawar (1993).  

Informative Tile: 2

    The Pashtun Emperor Sher Shah Suri founded Sur Emperor. Peshawar rose to prominence when it ran its Delhi-Kabul Shahi Road through the Khyber Pass and Peshawar as a north-western extension of the Grant Trunk Road. 

    Babar's grandson Akbar-e-Azam named the city Peshawar after him in the 16th century is ''The place at the frontier''.

    The Marathas had defeated the Durranis in the battle of Peshawar in 1758 as part of their northwest expansion campaign.

    Ahmad Shah's son Timur Shah Durrani 1776 chose Peshawar as his winter capital. Bala Hissar Fort located in this city used to be the residence of Durrani kings.  

     


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

             

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